Journal of Research in Multidisciplinary Methods and Applications

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of HvNPR1-like Genes Reveal HvNPR1 Interacting with HvWRKY70 in Barley Resistance to Leaf Stripe

2026-04-18T13:57:33+00:00

Background: Barley leaf stripe disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Pyrenophora graminea, significantly reduces both grain yield and quality. Previous studies have demonstrated that NPR1-like proteins, as key regulators of salicylic acid (SA) signaling, play crucial roles in plant defense against fungal pathogens. However, systematic research on NPR1-like genes involved in barley leaf stripe resistance remains limited.Results: In this study, five HvNPR1-like family members were identified at the genome-wide level in barley. These genes were unevenly distributed across three chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis based on Arabidopsis NPR1-like proteins classified the HvNPR1-Like proteins into three major groups (I, II, and III), which exhibited conserved features in terms of intron–exon organization. Synteny analysis revealed relatively few orthologous gene pairs between barley and Arabidopsis (one pair), whereas substantially more pairs were identified between barley and rice (four pairs), between barley and maize (five pairs), and between barley and wheat (twelve pairs), consistent with the phylogenetic relationships among these species.Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of barley varieties resistant and susceptible to leaf stripe disease identified three differentially expressed HvNPR1-like genes associated with the stress response. Among these, the Group I gene HvNPR1 was significantly up-regulated upon pathogen infection. Further analysis indicated that HvNPR1 played a pivotal role in the response to leaf stripe stress. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis validated the expression patterns observed in RNA-seq data, with significantly higher transcript levels in the resistant cultivar compared to the susceptible cultivar. Protein–protein interaction assays demonstrated that HvNPR1 specifically interacted with HvWRKY70 in the nucleus, suggesting a potential regulatory module involved in defense signaling. These findings suggest strong regulatory interactions among these genes during the barley leaf stripe response. Conclusion: This study systematically identified and characterized HvNPR1-like family members in the barley genome through comprehensive analyses of gene structures, physicochemical properties, chromosomal localization, and evolutionary relationships. A key gene associated with leaf stripe resistance, HvNPR1, was identified, and a protein-protein interaction between HvNPR1 and the transcription factor HvWRKY70 was discovered. These findings provide a foundation for elucidating the roles of HvNPR1-likes in barley resistance to leaf stripe and offer potential targets for the genetic improvement of disease-resistant barley cultivars.

Research Progress on the Isolation, Purification and Adaptation Mechanism of Methanogens from Extreme Environments

2026-04-18T14:02:12+00:00

Anaerobic fermentation is one of the ways to treat organic waste, among which methanogens are one of the main strains for anaerobic fermentation, which exist in most terrestrial and aquatic environments. The study of the isolation and purification of methanogens in extreme environments and the elucidation of their adaptation mechanisms are conducive to anaerobic fermentation in a variety of environments, such as reducing energy consumption and increasing the fermentation rate in the anaerobic fermentation process in cold regions. Ordinary methanogens do not have enzymes adapted to the thermal environment or the lack of expression of genes related to heat adaptation may lead to the loss of activity during high temperature and anaerobic fermentation in summer in low latitudes, and thermophilic or heat-tolerant methanogens are one of the good choices for anaerobic fermentation in this area. At the same time, the ocean occupies most of the earth, and salt-tolerant or halophilic methanogens are a wise choice for fermentation of anaerobic fermentation substrates derived from seawater, as the substrate does not need to be desalted, which helps to reduce the number of steps and improve efficiency. Therefore, this paper mainly reviews the isolation, purification and adaptation mechanism of methanogens from extreme environments, and puts forward the prospect of future research content.

Evaluation of Grain Size Stability in CIMMYT Spring Wheat Germplasm and Its Breeding Potential in the Qinghai Plateau

2026-04-18T14:05:35+00:00

Background: Introducing CIMMYT spring wheat germplasm is crucial for improving grain yield and stability in the Qinghai Plateau. This study evaluated the performance and adaptability of exotic genotypes to provide elite genetic resources for local breeding programs. Methods: Fifteen CIMMYT spring wheat accessions and the local check variety Gaoyuan 932 were evaluated across six environments during 2023–2024. Thousand-gainl weight (TGW), Gain length (GL), width (GW), and thickness (GT) were measured. Genotype (G), environment (E), and their interaction (G×E) were analyzed using AMMI model and GGE biplot. Results: E, G, and G×E effects were highly significant (P < 0.001) for all traits. GW was most environment-sensitive (F = 1707.50), TGW showed the strongest genotypic effect (F = 762.05), and GL was most influenced by G×E. The first three AMMI components explained >87% of variation. E2 was the ideal environment with highest trait means and strong discrimination. G5 exhibited highest TGW (58.52 g) and GW (3.62 mm); G16 had superior GL (7.40 mm) and GT (3.42 mm); G10 showed outstanding stability. G16 adapted best to E2 and E6, while G5 performed optimally across E3–E6. Conclusion: G16 is a well-adapted genotype with comprehensive superiority. G5, G9, G10, and G2 possess complementary advantages for breeding. G16, G5, and G9 are promising parents, whereas G10 and G2 are suitable for direct promotion with environment-specific deployment.

Barriers to Communications Facility Support in China: A Fuzzy DEMATEL Analysis from an Emergency Security Perspective

2026-04-18T14:10:13+00:00

The importance of reliable communication infrastructure in emergencies, such as disaster relief and real-time decision-making, has become increasingly critical. However, traditional communication support systems often fall short in meeting real-world needs. This study uses the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (fuzzy-DEMATEL) method to systematically analyze the complex interdependencies among key barriers, providing a comprehensive understanding of the root causes hindering emergency communication capabilities. The research identifies distinct critical factors, such as personnel, which has been underemphasized in existing literature, highlighting the crucial role of frontline staff in maintaining communication systems during crises. The paper also offers policy recommendations to enhance communication facility support, broadening the focus from equipment attributes to include broader systemic and environmental factors. Additionally, it advocates for full lifecycle management of communication facilities, from design and planning to maintenance, in order to improve emergency preparedness. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and lay the groundwork for future research aimed at refining emergency communication frameworks, particularly in the context of technological advancements and evolving disaster scenarios.

Research on the Cultivation Path of Life Education Literacy of Pre-Service Preschool Teachers

2026-04-18T14:17:42+00:00

Life education literacy is a necessary professional ability for preschool teachers in the process of implementing life education. Its improvement is not only related to the career development and ability growth of preschool teachers, but also directly affects the overall development level of children. However, at present, there are still problems such as insufficient attention and limited support for life education literacy of pre-service preschool teachers. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the core concept of "life", pay attention to the life status and quality of preservice preschool teachers, strengthen life experience, and support their independent development, so as to effectively and comprehensively improve the life education literacy of preservice preschool teachers.

STM32-Based Intelligent Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System Design

2026-04-18T14:22:40+00:00

In this paper, an intelligent temperature and humidity monitoring system based on STM32 microcontroller is designed. The system uses STM32F103C8T6 as the main controller, and the DHT11 sensor collects ambient temperature and humidity data, displays it in real time through the OLED display, and uses the buzzer to realize the over-limit alarm function. The experimental results show that the system has high measurement accuracy, fast response speed and low cost, and is suitable for temperature and humidity monitoring in agricultural greenhouses, warehousing and logistics, smart home and other scenarios.