http://www.satursonpublishing.com/jrmma <h1>About the Journal</h1> <p>Journal of Research in Multidisciplinary Methods and Applications (JRMMA) is a peer-reviewed, monthly, online international refereed journal, which emphasizes on the progress in multidisciplinary methods and applications, and publishes original articles, research articles, review articles with top-level work from all areas of science and engineering research including Mechanical, Civil, Electrical, Chemical, Electronics, Mathematics and Geological etc. Researchers in all science and engineering fields are encouraged to contribute articles based on recent research. Journal publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field of science and engineering research, and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject.</p> <p>This journal covers almost all disciplines of science, engineering and applied sciences. Researchers and students of M.S., M. Phil and PhD are encouraged to send their original research articles to JRMMA.</p> <h1>Journal Details</h1> <p>ISSN 2957-3920 (Online)</p> <p>ISSN 3007-7060 (Print)</p> <p>Frequency: monthly</p> <p>Accepted Language: English</p> <p>Publisher: Saturson Publishing Limited</p> <p>Format: Online/Print</p> <p>Submit Manucript to:</p> <p>jrmma@satursonpublishing.com</p> <h1><img src="http://www.satursonpublishing.com/public/site/images/stephen/cover-04402784691d8cf8909a13ae5984383c.png" alt="" width="300" height="424" /></h1> Saturson Publishing Limited en-US Journal of Research in Multidisciplinary Methods and Applications 3007-7060 http://www.satursonpublishing.com/jrmma/article/view/a01250411001 <p class="abstractandkeywords"><span lang="EN-US">This article examines the formation of the pre-WWI global market, demonstrating that it was not the product of a single cause but of the combined force of technological innovation (which provided the physical infrastructure) and institutional change (which established the governing rules). The interplay between these two factors is key to understanding the period's economic integration.</span></p> Shengdong Wu Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-11-15 2025-11-15 4 11 01250411001 01250411001 http://www.satursonpublishing.com/jrmma/article/view/a01250411002 <p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and feasibility of preferentially exposing the common bile duct in the prevention of iatrogenic biliary tract injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The methods were retrospectively analyzed, and a total of 572 cases of LC were selected as the study group from March 2019 to December 2024. From March 2011 to December 2018, a total of 506 LC cases were used as control groups. The research group actively dissected the hepatoboduodenal ligament to reveal the common bile duct, clarified the location of the gallbladder duct into the common hepatic duct and then ligated and cut off the gallbladder duct, and the control group directly found and exposed the cystic duct and then ligated and cut off the gallbladder duct. The results showed that there was no intraoperative transmission of abdomen and biliary tract injury in the study group, no bile duct stenosis and 1 case of residual gallbladder after 6-36 months of follow-up. In the control group, there was 1 case of intraoperative laparotomy, 6 cases of biliary tract injury, 8 cases of bile duct stricture and 8 cases of residual gallbladder after 6-36 months of follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). There were no significant differences in the type of gallbladder disease, preoperative comorbidities, operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative hospital stay between the study group and the control group. The conclusion is that LC has more advantages in preventing iatrogenic biliary tract injury, reducing surgery-related complications, and improving clinical prognosis.</p> Liang Peng Wei Li Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-11-15 2025-11-15 4 11 01250411002 01250411002