Effects of Multiple Cropping with Green Manure on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Spring Wheat
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Abstract
A split-plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of green manure returning methods on wheat yield and phosphorus (P) accumulation. The main plots consisted of two fertilization levels for the subsequent wheat crop: no chemical fertilizer (N0) and chemical fertilizer application (N1, N 157.5 kg/ha + P₂O₅ 78.75 kg/ha). The sub-plots comprised three green manure returning methods: no green manure (G0), green manure with root stubble retention (G1), and green manure with full incorporation (G2). Wheat yield, agronomic traits, and P content in various wheat organs were measured after harvest. The results showed that green manure returning significantly increased the yield and P accumulation of the subsequent wheat crop. Compared with chemical fertilizer alone (N1G0), the combination of green manure and chemical fertilizer significantly improved wheat yield. Specifically, the full incorporation treatment (N1G2) and root stubble retention treatment (N1G1) increased yield by 8.7% and 5.8% in 2024, and by 7.2% and 5.2% in 2025, respectively. The combined application of green manure and chemical fertilizer synergistically optimized agronomic traits and yield components, including grains per spike, thousand-grain weight, spike number, stem diameter, and plant height. Path analysis indicated that thousand-grain weight was the dominant factor affecting yield. Therefore, green manure full incorporation combined with chemical fertilizer is the optimal green manure-chemical fertilizer pattern for improving phosphorus availability in Qinghai region.
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